The Secret Life of Secret Agents: Alan Bennett and John Schlesinger’s An Englishman Abroad (1983) and A Question of Attribution (1991)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although biopics are still widely held in critical disdain, a number of new stimulating perspectives on the genre have recently emerged. One original approach consists in tackling the biopic as a form of adaptation and an example of intermedial rewriting, thus enabling to overreach the traditional fiction-versus-fact debate. This approach seems all the more appropriate when the main characters’ lives are notoriously elusive and shrouded in secrecy. Because their lives are wrapped in mystery, spies have long been figures of fascination and speculation, spawning some of the most long-lasting and profitable fictions in cinema. And yet, biopics about actual secret agents are scarce and scanty. How then to conceive of a film that deals with the lives of secret agents while accounting for the very secrecy that defines them? This is the challenge screenwriter Alan Bennett and director John Schlesinger have taken up in two films that form a diptych on two of the most notorious spies in British history, Guy Burgess in An Englishman Abroad (1983) and Anthony Blunt in A Question of Attribution (1991). While displaying a sustained concern for “national biography”, both films prove early examples of biopics conceived as self-reflexive and intermedial allegories. Rather than claiming to disclose the real ‘self’ of their biographees, the films choose to imaginatively engage with the deliberate entanglement of life and fiction while foregrounding their dramatic strategies of representations, leading to playful reflections on appearances, on the way they are coded and may be decoded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".