Reynolds Number Effects on the Characteristics of Twin Jets Interacting With a Free Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of Reynolds number on the turbulent characteristics of surface attaching twin jet were investigated experimentally. Particle image velocimetry was used as the velocity measuring technique. Twin jets were produced using square orifice nozzle pair. The Reynolds numbers based on the jet exit velocity and the nozzle width were varied from 2620 to 7900. The offset height ratio was fixed at 2 during the experiments. The jet reattached to the free surface and the reattachment length decreased with increase of Reynolds number. Free surface showed significant effect on the maximum velocity decay, jet spread, streamwise mean velocity distribution, Reynolds shear and normal stresses in the upper jet. The decay and spread rate of the lower jet was comparable to free jet due to less confinement effect. The mean and turbulent quantities reported herein were nearly independent of Reynolds number. Proper orthogonal decomposition was performed to reveal the dynamic role of the energetic structures embedded within the flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".