Controlling the Quality of Two-Way Euler/Lagrange Numerical Modeling of Bubbling and Spouted Fluidized Beds Dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We numerically simulate three-dimensional fluidized beds of monodisperse spheres using a two-way Euler/Lagrange method. Particles trajectories are tracked in a Lagrangian way, and particles collisions are computed by a soft sphere model. The fluid conservation equations are written in a classical Eulerian fashion and are locally averaged on cells 1 order of magnitude larger than particles. We detail the equations of the model and their numerical implementation. We study the influence of numerical parameters and simulation domain size on computed results in a biperiodic fluidized bed. We then validate the model against theoretical results for a bubbling fluidized bed and against experimental data for a single- and multi-nozzle spouted bed. Finally, we investigate the influence of the Coulomb friction coefficient magnitude on a single-nozzle spouted bed dynamics in order to emphasize the importance of tangential friction in such processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".