Statins reduce the burden of ambient particulate matter and inflammatory cells within the lung tissues of smokers with and without COPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratories have shown retention of particulate matter (PM) in lung tissues of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with increased retention in more severe COPD, potentially contributing to the persistent lung inflammation and remodelling of lung tissue in COPD [1]. Epidemiological studies have shown that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce morbidity and mortality in subjects with COPD [2], possibly via their well-known pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties [3, 4]. In an animal model we have shown that statins reduce lung inflammation induced by ambient PM exposure in part by reducing the retention of PM in lung tissues by promoting their removal via the lymphatic system to regional lymph nodes [5, 6]. We postulated that statins reduce the burden of PM retention in the lung tissues of subjects with COPD, and thereby reduce downstream lung inflammatory responses. Statins promote the processing and removal of inhaled particles from lung tissues, thereby reducing lung inflammation We would like to thank all the laboratory technicians and summer students who contributed to this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".