Reducing the thickness swelling of a model wood composite by creating a three-dimensional adhesive network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wood composites undergo irreversible thickness swelling and strength losses when they are exposed to water, and there is strong interest in developing cost-effective solutions to this problem. We hypothesised that a composite with more adhesive connections in the Z-(thickness)-direction would be less susceptible to thickness swelling. We test this hypothesis using a model composite consisting of perforated veneer that allowed a polyurethane adhesive to create cross-links in the Z-direction. Model composite specimens were submerged in water, air-dried and their irreversible thickness swelling and surface topography were measured. Z-direction cross-links significantly reduced the thickness swelling of both yellow cedar and white spruce specimens, but the inter-connected adhesive network retained its integrity better in spruce than in cedar specimens. Further research is needed to develop practical ways of creating Z-direction cross-links in composites that resemble commercial products, and also to evaluate the effects they have on the mechanical properties of composites.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".