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Record W2561159426 · doi:10.54648/aila2009038

Arbitration of International Cargo Claims

2009· article· en· W2561159426 on OpenAlex
Thomas J. Whalen

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAir and Space Law · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicLaw, logistics, and international trade
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsArbitrationAppealBusinessCarriageAir cargoAir transportLawCompulsory arbitrationInternational arbitrationLaw and economicsEconomicsPolitical scienceEngineeringTransport engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Airlines have customarily not provided for arbitration in their cargo contracts of carriage (air waybill). The author explains the advantages of the arbitration of such claims (reducing legal costs, simplified procedure, relaxed evidence rules, an arbitrator knowledgeable about the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions and the industry, finality) and its disadvantages (significant arbitrator fees, limited appeal ability, no precedential value for future guidance.) The author argues that, overall, the arbitration of international air cargo claims before a single knowledgeable arbitrator will benefit all concerned (carriers and shippers) with significant cost savings. An enforceable arbitration provision can be included in a carrier’s conditions of carriage, incorporated by reference into the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Standard Air Waybill (Conditions of Contract). The author recommends arbitration for all air cargo claims, large and small, as beneficial to carriers and shippers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.822
Threshold uncertainty score0.224

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.228
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it