Comorbidity of allergic rhinitis and asthma to birch allergen in an environmental exposure chamber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The controlled allergen exposure to patients in EECs allows for the direct comparison of perennial and seasonal allergies and asthma. Comorbidity between allergic rhinitis and asthma is high for perennial allergens like house dust mite and cat. Our previous EEC studies support this finding. Objective: To examine asthma symptoms scores reported in patients with or without mild to moderate asthma exposed to birch allergen in an EEC and to record the incidence and severity of asthma symptoms observed in the EEC. Methods: 255 birch allergic subjects, with or without mild to moderate asthma, were screened for birch allergy based on medical history a positive skin prick test (STP) to birch allergen (wheal size>3mm) and an IgE class 2 or higher and were exposed to birch allergen in an EEC for 6 hours. During this time subjects reported asthma symptom scores (cough, wheeze, chest tightness, dyspnea) on a 4-point scale (0 none; 1 mild; 2 moderate; 3 severe) pre chamber entry, and every 30 minutes post entry for the duration of the visit. Results: Total asthma symptom scores (TASS) (the sum of the 4 individual asthma symptom scores) were analyzed for the 255 subjects exposed to birch allergen in the EEC. Of these subjects, approximately 15% had a history of mild to moderate asthma. During the EEC challenge, only 19% of subjects scored ≥ 6/12 for TASS on at least one diary card, 12% of subjects scored ≥8/12 and only 3.5% of subjects scored ≥10/12. Conclusion: This study suggests fewer birch allergic patients experience asthma symptoms and that seasonal allergies such as birch are associated with less asthma than observed in perennially allergic patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".