Trans-Pacific Connections: Cultural Contacts through the Lens of Miguel López de Legazpi's Representation of the Philippines and its Relationship with the Early Accounts of the New World
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is inscribed in the context of a larger project that addresses the early modern Spanish accounts of Asia, which are generally less researched than the well-known chronicles of the New World. More specifically, my present work joins the efforts of a progressively growing number of scholars who seek to create links between both bodies of texts by inquiring whether –and, if so, to what extent– the Spanish representations of the native peoples of America had an impact on the Spanish portrayals of the inhabitants of Asia (in this case, the Philippines). For this purpose, I compare the Relation of the Voyage to the Philippine Islands (1565) and other documents written by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi with narratives about the New World, mostly by Christopher Columbus and Hernan Cortes. I analyze the rhetorical devices used in these writings to describe cultural contacts, and more broadly, to relate them to the “connected histories” –a term coined by Sanjay Subrahmanyam and further elaborated by Serge Gruzinski– that were taking place between Spain, America, and Asia, and have continued to develop until today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".