Increased heart rate and energy expenditure in frontotemporal dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Energy expenditure in frontotemporal dementia: a behavioural and imaging study’ by Ahmed et al . (doi:10.1093/aww263) . The obesity paradox, whereby being overweight or obese during mid-life is associated with higher rates of dementia in later life, while low body mass index (BMI) in older populations is associated with a higher risk of dementia, has been demonstrated in multiple studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Fitzpatrick et al. , 2009). In another neurodegenerative disorder, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), classic descriptions suggest a different pattern, specifically weight gain with disease onset due to hyperphagia and increased sweet intake. However, BMI has not been found to correlate with food intake in FTD, raising the possibility of altered metabolism in patients with FTD (Ahmed et al. , 2016). In this issue of Brain , Ahmed et al. test this hypothesis by measuring activity levels and heart rate to characterize energy expenditure in patients with FTD (Ahmed et al. , 2016). They conclude that resting and total energy expenditure are increased in FTD, suggesting that the basal metabolic rate in patients with FTD may be altered as a part of the disease. A relationship between BMI, metabolism and several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is now generally established, though the complex pathways mediating these associations …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".