ADHFe1: a novel enzyme involved in retinoic acid-dependent Hox activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is a central pathway regulating anterior-posterior patterning of the embryo through its targets, the Hox genes. RA is produced by two sequential oxidations from vitamin A (retinol) and this biosynthesis has to be regulated temporally, spatially and quantitatively. Mining Xenopus embryonic expression databases identified a novel component of the RA metabolic network, ADHFe1. Using Xenopus laevis embryos as our experimental system we determined the temporal and spatial pattern of AdhFe1 expression. Gain- and loss-of-function of ADHFe1 were induced to study its function and the regulation of the AdhFe1 gene by RA was studied. Expression analysis localized the ADHFe1 protein to the late Spemann's organizer, the trunk organizer. Subsequently, ADHFe1 can be detected in the prechordal mesoderm, the notochord and the lateral plate mesoderm. Manipulation of ADHFe1 levels affects the normal Hox gene expression. The effects of ADHFe1 manipulation can by rescued by increasing the levels of RA or its biosynthesis. Expression of the AdhFe1 gene is regulated by RA itself. ADHFe1 is an enzyme active already during gastrula stages and the protein is still present during neurula stages. ADHFe1 regulates the expression of the Hox genes during the early patterning of the trunk. The effect of ADHFe1 on Hox expression is mediated through regulation of RA levels. ADHFe1 probably reduces retinaldehyde to retinol thereby restricting the availability of retinaldehyde, the substrate needed by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases to produce RA making it a novel regulator of RA concentrations in the embryo and RA homeostasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".