ESTIMATING EXTERNAL CORROSION RATES FOR BURIED CARBON STEEL PIPING IN DIFFERENT SOIL CONDITIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
External or soil-side corrosion poses a significant threat to buried piping in many industrial facilities, including nuclear power plants. Unlike aboveground piping, the assessment of external corrosion of buried piping is challenged not only by access restrictions, but also by the complex and highly variable external environment. The analysis is further confounded by the use of protective measures, such as coatings and cathodic protection, which, while mitigating against the onset of degradation, themselves also degrade and break down over time.This study uses extensive field data collected by the National Bureau of Standards at numerous test sites across the United States to estimate the distribution of external corrosion rates for buried carbon steel piping under different soil conditions. The analysis is based on the concept of a “steady-state” corrosion rate, which is estimated for each test site in a 2-step process using logarithmic regression. The resulting uniform (i.e., general corrosion) and loc...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".