A Transformerless Bipolar Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter With Wide Voltage Ratios
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a transformerless bipolar dc- dc converter based on series-connected submodules. It is intended for transforming dc voltage and managing power flow for medium/high-voltage dc grids. The dc-dc converter is composed of positive-pole and negative-pole subsystems, each of which consists of six arms/branches. Every two arms and one branch are constructed into a T-type circuit with the outer terminals interface to primary- and secondary-side dc buses. The two T-type circuits in one subsystem are connected in parallel to transmit power between primary and secondary sides. The transformerless structure (none bulky coupled inductors as well) solves the challengeable insulation and cooling issues of the extremely high-power magnetics in prior arts, while not sacrificing the power efficiency and system reliability. A ±10-kV 2-MW simulation model performed in MATLAB/Simulink verifies the feasibility of the bipolar dc-dc converter. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory setup also confirm the validation of the proposal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".