Trichaptum abietinum from British Columbia exhibited anti-proliferative and immuno-modulatory activities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increasing mortality rate and case of occurrence makes cancer a huge public health challenge in both developed and developing countries [1]. Toxicity, adverse effects, and non-specificity are some of the major problems with the current drugs used in cancer chemotherapy [2]. For centuries, mushrooms have been used for their medicinal properties by different cultures [3]. In the past few decades, several natural bioactive compounds from mushrooms have been reported to exhibit anti-cancer properties by means of anti-proliferation (reduced cell viability), immuno-stimulation (stimulating production of cytokines), apoptosis (programmed cell death) and anti-inflammation (inhibiting excess unregulated cytokine production) [3]. This study aims to investigate potential anti-cancer properties of a wood-decaying wild mushroom, Trichaptum abietinum (Ryvarden L., 1972) [Polyporaceae], which is native to British Columbia. Fresh fruiting bodies of T. abietinum obtained from the Forest for the World area in Prince George, British Columbia, were first identified by DNA sequencing. Powdered T. abietinum was subjected to a sequential extraction using 85% methanol, 50% ethanol, hot water and 5% sodium hydroxide. The extracts obtained were subjected to the anti-proliferative MTT assay on HeLa cells. The fractions were also subjected to ELISA, using macrophage Raw 264.7 cells, for assessment of immuno-stimulation and anti-inflammatory activities. At 5 µg/mL, the 85% ethanol fraction was found to inhibit the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production from 4042pg/ml to 180.91pg/ml. At 5 µg/ml, hot water extract was found to be immuno-stimulant, inducing 2530.9pg/ml of TNF-alpha as compared to 3897pg/ml induced by LPS. The ethanol and hot water fraction exhibited anti-proliferative activity at 5 µg/mL by reducing cell viability to 60%. Future research involves purification and identification of the bioactive from 85% ethanol and hot water fraction. Fractions from T. abietinum Biological activity 85% Ethanol (at 5 µg/ml) Exhibits Immuno-inhibition by inhibiting LPS induced TNF-alpha production from 4042pg/ml to 180.91pg/ml in Raw 264.7 cells Exhibits anti-proliferative activity by reducing 60% cell viability in HeLa cells. Hot water (at 5 µg/ml) Exhibits immuno-stimulation by inducing 2530.9 pg/ml TNF-alpha as compared to 3897pg/ml induced by LPS. Exhibits anti-proliferative activity by reducing 60% cell viability in HeLa cells Acknowledgements: Dr. Keith Egger, Dr. Hugues Massicotte, Dr. Kerry Reimer and University of Northern British Columbia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".