A High-Speed and Ultra Low-Power Subthreshold Signal Level Shifter
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel level shifter circuit converting subthreshold signal levels to super-threshold signal levels at high-speed using ultra low-power and a small silicon area, making it well-suited for low-power applications such as wireless sensor networks and implantable medical devices. The proposed circuit introduces a new voltage level shifter topology employing a level-shifting capacitor contributing to increase the range of conversion voltages, while significantly reducing the conversion delay. Such a level-shifting capacitor is quickly charged, whenever the input signal detects a low-to-high transition, in order to boost internal voltage nodes, and quickly reach a high output voltage level. The proposed circuit achieves a shorter propagation delay and a smaller silicon area for a given operating frequency and power consumption compared to other circuit solutions. Measurement results are presented for the proposed circuit fabricated in a 0.18-μm TSMC technology. The proposed circuit can convert a wide range of the input voltages from 330 mV to 1.8 V, and operate over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz. It has a propagation delay of 29 ns and a power consumption of 61.5 nW for input signals 0.4 V, at a frequency of 500-kHz, outperforming previous designs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it