COALESCENCE AND AGGLOMERATION OF DROPLETS SPRAYED ON A SUBSTRATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coalescence of droplets of a highly viscous liquid (87 wt% glycerin in water) sprayed onto a solid surface was studied. Experiments were done on the merger of two droplets deposited sequentially on a flat surface and also on liquid droplets sprayed onto a surface. Two unequal sized droplets were deposited on a steel plate, with the smaller one overlapping the larger. The different curvatures of the two droplets produce different capillary pressures in them, driving them to merge. The smaller droplet was pulled into the larger one; the greater the difference in size between the droplets, and the larger their separation, the more rapid the droplet motion. Experiments were also done in which liquid was sprayed onto a transparent surface and the motion of the impacting droplets photographed from below. Measurements of the wetted surface area were done using image analysis. The wetted area first increased as liquid was deposited. Once the spray was turned off the area decreased as smaller droplets merged with larger ones. Droplet coalescence prevented the formation of a uniform film and liquid accumulated in separate patches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".