Thermal interface conductance across metal alloy–dielectric interfaces
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present measurements of thermal interface conductance as a function of metal alloy composition. Composition spread alloy films of $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{u}}_{x}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{u}}_{x}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{d}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ solid solutions were deposited on single crystal sapphire substrates via dual electron-beam evaporation. High throughput measurements of thermal interface conductance across the (metal alloy)-sapphire interfaces were made by positional scanning of frequency domain thermoreflectance measurements to sample a continuum of Au atomic fractions $(x\ensuremath{\sim}0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1)$. At a temperature of 300 K, the thermal interface conductance at the $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{u}}_{x}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{u}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$-sapphire interfaces monotonically decreased from $197\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}39\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to $74\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $x=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ and at the $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{u}}_{x}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{d}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$-sapphire interfaces from $167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}35\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ to $60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for $x=0.03\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$. To shed light on the phonon physics at the interface, a Diffuse Mismatch Model for thermal interface conductance with alloys is presented and agrees reasonably with the thermal interface conductance data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it