Gas holdup, bubble behaviour, and mass transfer characteristics in a two‐stage internal loop airlift reactor with different screens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Screen internals were used in a two‐dimensional two‐stage internal loop airlift reactor (ILALR). The influence of screens on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in the two‐stage ILALR, including gas holdup, mean bubble diameter, bubble rise velocity, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient ( K L a ), have been experimentally investigated. It is found that screens can efficiently break bubbles up. Radial bubble velocity distribution is more uniform when screens are installed. Mean bubble diameter with smaller screen pores seems smaller and slightly increases with the increasing of superficial gas velocity U g . A larger gas holdup and K L a can be obtained when a suitable screen is mounted. The variation trend of overall gas holdup and interfacial area a with U g is similar. A nearly constant liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient ( K L ) is found. The empirical correlations for the overall gas holdup and K L a have been proposed, which fit the experimental data well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".