Phasor measurement unit based wide‐area monitoring and information sharing between micro‐grids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Micro‐grid (MG) monitoring and information sharing between them through a central monitoring unit is required in the present day operational environment. The proposed research focuses on developing wide‐area monitoring platform for multiple MGs running in parallel. This is achieved by using C37.118.1 complied phasor measurements units (PMUs) which provides accurate and reliable information monitoring at remote ends of the MGs and are further connected to the Phasor Data Concentrator which acts as the central monitoring unit. This process not only retrieves information at different nodes of the MGs equipped with PMUs, but the information can be exchanged between MGs for further action if required during contingencies. The PMUs are used to monitor phasors (amplitude and phases) and frequency of fundamentals which are further used to compute wide‐area functions at different operating nodes of the MGs at grid connected and islanded modes of operation including different operating conditions. The proposed PMU and MG models are developed on MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Extensive test results indicate that the proposed monitoring process is highly essential to retrieve the operational status of the multiple MGs observed at the central monitoring unit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".