Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO Inhibit Death of Wheat Microspores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microspore cell death and low green plant production efficiency are an integral obstacle in the development of double haploid (DH) production in wheat. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of anti-apoptotic recombinant human B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2Δ21) and caspase-3-inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) in microspore cell death in bread wheat cultivars AC Fielder and AC Andrew. Induction medium containing Bcl-2Δ21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO yielded a significantly higher number of viable microspores, embryo-like structures (ELS) and total green plants in wheat cultivars AC Fielder and AC Andrew. Total peroxidase activity was lower in Bcl-2Δ21 treated microspore cultures at 96 h of treatment compared to control and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of total microspore protein showed a different scavenging activity for Bcl-2Δ21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Bcl-2Δ21 scavenge approximately 50% hydroxyl radical (HO•) formed, whereas Ac-DEVD-CHO scavenge approximately 20% of HO•. Conversely, reduced caspase-3-like activities were detected in the presence of Bcl-2Δ21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO, supporting the involvement of Bcl-2Δ21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO in increasing microspores viability by reducing oxidative stress and caspase-3-like activity. Our results indicate that Bcl-2Δ21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO protects cells from cell death following different pathways. Bcl-2Δ21 prevents cell damage by detoxifying HO• and supressing caspase-3-like activity, while Ac-DEVD-CHO inhibits the apoptotic pathways by modulating caspase-like activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".