CARICOM and Canada: Good Trading Partners?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite seven rounds of negotiations since 2007, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and Canada were unable to concur on the establishment of a free trade agreement (FTA) to replace the existing Caribbean Canada Trade Agreement (CARIBCAN). Instead, the CARIBCAN waiver has been extended until 2023. At this stage, it is unclear when or if both parties will return to negotiations under the extended CARIBCAN waiver. Despite this uncertainty, it is important to determine whether Canada is a good trading partner for the CARICOM region. To undertake this exercise, we examine issues relating to export competitiveness, comparative advantage, and trade complementarity for trade in goods and services between CARICOM countries and Canada. We also conduct an experiment which assumes that a FTA is formed between CARICOM and Canada in order to estimate the impact of tariff liberalization on trade, revenue, and welfare on CARICOM countries. Our results indicate an unfavorable outlook for CARICOM countries on welfare grounds as well as on improving exports from CARICOM countries to Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".