From Formal to Technical Styles: Production Challenges and Economic Implications of Changing Tableware Styles in Roman to Late Antique Sagalassos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changing tableware styles between the Roman Imperial and Late Antique periods have attracted significant attention recently, with socially constructed interpretations of consumer demand that view changing vessel shapes, sizes, and decoration in relation to communal dining practices of late antiquity. Building on that research, this study approaches such stylistic changes from the perspective of the important, yet less investigated, figure of the producer on the workshop floor. In comparing two production dumps from the tableware production center at Sagalassos (southwest Turkey), one dated to the second century C.E. and one to the late fifth to early sixth century C.E., this study identifies shifts in the technical and technological styles between the two periods that relate to changes in vessel form, size, and finishing. Having identified several critical technical changes in the Late Antique production at Sagalassos, this article then explores the degree to which changing vessel styles affected manufacturing output, production organization, and workshop economy, consequently demonstrating the dynamic response by an ancient local industry to changing technical and social contexts through several centuries of activity. Using detailed classifications and quantifications of manufacturing waste, this research also develops new methodologies for the analysis of ancient production sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".