EFFECT OF ATOMIZER INTERNAL GEOMETRY ON THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TWO-PHASE FLOW IN EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to study the internal and external two-phase flow in an effervescent atomizer using high-speed imaging. The impact of the aerator tube configuration and mixing zone length on the size of bubbles inside the mixing zone and the spray droplet characteristics at different gas-to-liquid flow rates ratios were studied. An aerator tube with the conical end base was manufactured and tested. It is observed that the separation bubble at the trailing edge is suppressed by this configuration, which resulted in more uniform and smaller bubbles compared to the standard aerator tube with a flat base. The length of the mixing zone was found to have an impact on the bubble size distribution inside the mixing zone; more uniform and smaller bubbles are generated in the shorter mixing zone. The mixing zone length, however, does not show a distinct impact on the droplet velocity and size. It is concluded that a conical base aerator tube and a shorter mixing zone could significantly improve the spray steadiness and the atomization process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".