Photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical investigation of electronic<i>push–pull</i>benzothiadiazole fluorophores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two electronicpush–pullfluorophores consisting of a benzothiadiazole core and a terminalN,N-dimethylamino electron donating group were prepared. The effect of the terminal electron withdrawing group (–NO2and –CN) on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties were examined. The fluorophores were solvatochromic with Stokes shifts upward of 9000 cm−1being observed in aprotic solvents of varying polarity. It was found that the fluorophores fluoresced appreciably (86 % > Φfl> 18 %) in hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and THF. The fluorescence was quenched in acetonitrile, acetone, and DMSO. The fluorophores also fluoresced appreciably in thin films when embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrices. Protonating the terminal amine with trifluoroacetic acid quenched the intramolecular charge transfer band, although the fluorophores remained fluorescent. The fluorophores could also be reversibly oxidized electrochemically. The resulting oxidized state was visually different than the neutral form. Electrochemical oxidation also led to reversible changes in both the fluorescence wavelength and intensity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".