Nanopower, Sub-1 V, CMOS Voltage References With Digitally-Trimmable Temperature Coefficients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two variants of a MOS-only voltage reference are proposed. They are based on MOSFETs operating at a constant inversion level which cancels out nonlinearities of their temperature dependence arising from that of mobility. The theory behind the circuits is thoroughly discussed, a design method is described and experimental results are presented. The two architectures propose different trimming methods for the temperature slope of the references. A test chip was designed and fabricated on a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology including both architectures. They generate reference voltages around 710 mV, operating from 0.9 V to 3 V supply voltage while consuming 3.0 nA and 3.3 nA. The measured temperature coefficients ranged from 8 to 40 ppm/°C in the -20 °C to 80 °C range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".