Estimation of NDMA Precursor Loading in Source Water via Artificial Sweetener Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and an indicator of wastewater impacts in drinking water. N‐nitrosodimethyamine (NDMA) is a disinfection by‐product with wastewater‐derived precursors. In two studies conducted in the United States and Canada, data showed watershed and region‐specific relationships between sucralose occurrence, stream flow, and NDMA formation potential (FP). In addition, other water supplies have been identified with high NDMA FP that were low in sucralose, which appeared to be impacted by other sources of precursors in the watershed during high‐flow events (e.g., runoff). In these studies, seasonal and climatic effects were explored where changes in stream flow (e.g., storm events, droughts) and sucralose and NDMA FP have been well correlated in many watersheds. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of measuring sucralose, including the determination of site‐specific correlations with NDMA FP and temporal variability, as well as determining the likely percentage of treated wastewater in the influent of drinking water treatment plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".