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Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humans
Matthew R. Robinson, Aaron Kleinman, Mariaelisa Graff, Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, David Couper, Michael B. Miller, Wouter J. Peyrot, Abdel Abdellaoui, Brendan P. Zietsch, Ilja M. Nolte, Jana V. van Vliet‐Ostaptchouk, Harold Snieder, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, H. Marike Boezen, Lude Franke, Pim van der Harst, Gerjan Navis, Marianne G. Rots, Morris A. Swertz, Cisca Wijmenga, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Devin Absher, Helene Alavere, Eva Albrecht, Hana Lango Allen, Peter Almgren, Najaf Amin, Philippe Amouyel, Denise Anderson, Alice M. Arnold, Dominique Arveiler, Thor Aspelund, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Themistocles L. Assimes, Mustafa Atalay, Antony Attwood, Larry D. Atwood, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Beverley Balkau, Anthony J. Balmforth, Cristina Barlassina, Inês Barroso, Hanneke Basart, Sabrina Bauer, J. Beckmann, John Beilby, Amanda J. Bennett, Yoav Ben‐Shlomo, Richard N. Bergman, Sven Bergmann, Sonja I. Berndt, Reiner Biffar, Anna Maria Di Blasio, Bernhard O. Boehm, Michael Boehnke, Heiner Boeing, Eric Boerwinkle, Jennifer L. Bolton, Amélie Bonnefond, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Dorret I. Boomsma, Ingrid B. Borecki, Stefan R. Bornstein, Nabila Bouatia‐Naji, Gabrielle Boucher, Jennifer L. Bragg‐Gresham, Paolo Brambilla, Marcel Bruinenberg, Thomas A. Buchanan, Christa Buechler, Gemma Cadby, Harry Campbell, Mark J. Caulfield, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Stephen J. Chanock, Daniel I. Chasman, Yii‐Der Ida Chen, Peter S. Chines, Deborah J. Clegg, Lachlan Coin, Francis S. Collins, John Connell, William Cookson, Matthew N. Cooper, Damien C. Croteau‐Chonka, L. Adrienne Cupples, Daniele Cusi, Felix R. Day, Ian N.M. Day, George Dedoussis, Mariano Dei, Panos Deloukas, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Antigone S. Dimas, Maria Dimitriou, Anna Dixon, Marcus Dörr, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Shah Ebrahim, Sarah Edkins, Guðný Eiríksdóttir, Kristina Eisinger, Niina Eklund, Paul Elliott, Raimund Erbel, Jeanette Erdmann, Michael R. Erdos, Johan G. Eriksson, Tõnu Esko, Karol Estrada, David M. Evans, Ulf dé Fairé, Tove Fall, Martin Farrall, Mary F. Feitosa, Maurizio Ferrario, Teresa Ferreira, Jean Ferrières, Krista Fischer, Eva Fisher, Gerry Fowkes, Caroline S. Fox, Paul W. Franks, Ross M. Fraser, Francesca Frau, Timothy M. Frayling, Nelson B. Freimer, Philippe Froguel, Mao Fu, Stefan Gaget, Andrea Ganna, Pablo V. Gejman, Davide Gentilini, Eco J. C. de Geus, Christian Gieger, Bruna Gigante, Anette P. Gjesing, Nicole L. Glazer, Michael E. Goddard, Anuj Goel, Harald Grallert, J Gräßler, Henrik Grönberg, Christopher J. Groves, Vilmundur Guðnason, Candace Guiducci, Stefan Gustafsson, Ulf Gyllensten, Alistair S. Hall, Per Hall, Göran Hallmans, Anders Hamsten, Torben Hansen, Talin Haritunians, Tamara B. Harris, Anna‐Liisa Hartikainen, Neelam Hassanali, Andrew T. Hattersley, Aki S. Havulinna, Caroline Hayward, Nancy L. Heard‐Costa, Andrew C. Heath, Johannes Hebebrand, Iris M. Heid, Martin den Heijer, Christian Hengstenberg, Karl‐Heinz Herzig, Andrew A. Hicks, Aroon D. Hingorani, Anke Hinney, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Albert Hofman, Chris Holmes, Georg Homuth, Jouke‐Jan Hottenga, Kees Hovingh, Frank B. Hu, Yi‐Juan Hu, Jennifer E. Huffman, Jennie Hui, Heikki V. Huikuri, Steve E. Humphries, Joseph Hung, Sarah Hunt, David J. Hunter, Kristian Hveem, Elina Hyppönen, Wilmar Igl, Thomas Illig, Erik Ingelsson, Carlos Iribarren, Bo Isomaa, Anne Jackson, Kevin B. Jacobs, John‐Olov Jansson, Ivonne Jarick, Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin, Karl‐Heinz Jöckel, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Jennifer Jolley, Torben Jørgensen, Antti Jula, Anne E. Justice, Marika Kaakinen, Mika Kähönen, Eero Kajantie, Stavroula Kanoni, W.H. Linda Kao, Lee M. Kaplan, Robert C. Kaplan, Jaakko Kaprio, Karen Kapur, Fredrik Karpe, Sekar Kathiresan, Frank Kee, Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, Shamika Ketkar, Johannes Kettunen, Kay‐Tee Khaw, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Leena Kinnunen, Mika Kivimäki, Mika Kivmaki, Melanie M. van der Klauw, Marcus E. Kleber, Joshua W. Knowles, Wolfgang Köenig, Ivana Kolčić, Genovefa Kolovou, Inke R. König, Seppo Koskinen, Péter Kovács, Peter Kraft, Aldi T. Kraja, Kati Kristiansson, Kaarel Krjutškov, Heyo K. Kroemer, Jon P. Krohn, Vjekoslav Krželj, Diana Kuh, Jennifer R. Kulzer, Meena Kumari, Zoltán Kutalik, Kari Kuulasmaa, Johanna Kuusisto, Kirsti Kvaløy, Markku Laakso, Jaana Laitinen, Timo A. Lakka, Claudia Lamina, Claudia Langenberg, Olivier Lantieri, G.M. Lathrop, Lenore J. Launer, Debbie A. Lawlor, Robert Lawrence, Irene Mateo Leach, Sang Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Michael F. Leitzmann, Guillaume Lettre, Douglas F. Levinson, Li Guo, Shengxu Li, Liming Liang, Dan-Yu Lin, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Jaana Lindström, Jianjun Liu, Antonio Liuzzi, Adam E. Locke, Marja‐Liisa Lokki, Christina Loley, Ruth J. F. Loos, Mattias Lorentzon, Jian’an Luan, Robert Luben, Barbara Ludwig, Pamela A. F. Madden, Reedik Mägi, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Massimo Mangino, Paolo Manunta, Diana Marek, Michel Marre, Nicholas G. Martin, Winfried März, Andrea Maschio, Iain Mathieson, Wendy L. McArdle, Steven A. McCaroll, Anne McCarthy, Mark I. McCarthy, Barbara McKnight, Carolina Medina‐Gómez, Thomas Meitinger, Andres Metspalu, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, David Meyre, Kristian Midthjell, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Josine L. Min, Susanne Moebus, Miriam F. Moffatt, Karen L. Mohlke, Cliona Molony, Keri L. Monda, Grant W. Montgomery, Vincent Mooser, Mario A. Morken, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew P. Morris, Thomas W. Mìhleisen, Martina Mìller-Nurasyid, Patricia B. Munroe, Arthur W. Musk, Narisu Narisu, Gerjan Navis, Benjamin M. Neale, Mari Nelis, James Nemesh, Matt J. Neville, Julius S. Ngwa, Markku S. Nieminen, Inger Njølstad, Ellen A. Nøhr, Markus M. Nöthen, Dale R. Nyholt, Jeffrey R. O’Connell, Claes Ohlsson, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Gert‐Jan B. van Ommen, Ken K. Ong, Ben A. Oostra, Willem H. Ouwehand, Lyle J. Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Guillaume Paré, Alex Parker, Lavinia Paternoster, Yudi Pawitan, Sonali Pechlivanis, John F. Peden, Nancy L. Pedersen, Oluf Pedersen, Niina Pellikka, Leena Peltonen, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Markus Perola, John R. B. Perry, Thomas N. Person, Annette Peters, Marjolein J. Peters, Irene Pichler, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Carl G. P. Platou, Ozren Polašek, Anneli Pouta, Chris Power, Peter P. Pramstaller, Michael Preuß, Jackie F. Price, Inga Prokopenko, Michael A. Province, Bruce M. Psaty, Shaun Purcell, Carolin Pìtter, Lu Qi, Thomas Quertermous, Aparna Radhakrishnan, Olli Raitakari, Joshua C. Randall, Rainer Rauramaa, Nigel W. Rayner, Emil Rehnberg, Augusto Rendon, Martin Ridderstråle, Paul M. Ridker, Samuli Ripatti, Aila Rissanen, Fernando Rivadeneira, Carlo Rivolta, Neil R. Robertson, Lynda M. Rose, Igor Rudan, Timo Saaristo, Hendrik B. Sager, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J. Samani, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Alan R. Sanders, Camilla H. Sandholt, Serena Sanna, Jouko Saramies, Eric E. Schadt, André Scherag, Sabine Schipf, David Schlessinger, Stefan Schreiber, Heribert Schunkert, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Laura J. Scott, Jianxin Shi, So–Youn Shin, Alan R. Shuldiner, Dmitry Shungin, Stefano Signorini, Kaisa Silander, Juha Sinisalo, Boris Skrobek, Jan Smit, Albert V. Smith, George Davey Smith, Nicole Soranzo, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Ulla Sovio, Timothy D. Spector, Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Alena Stančáková, Klaus Stark, Kari Stefansson, Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir, Jonathan Stephens, Kathleen Stirrups, Ronald P. Stolk, David P. Strachan, Rona J. Strawbridge, Heather M. Stringham, Michael Stümvoll, Ida Surakka, Amy J. Swift, Ann‐Christine Syvänen, Mari‐Liis Tammesoo, Maris Teder‐Laving, Tanya M. Teslovich, Alexander Teumer, Eirini Theodoraki, Brian Thomson, Barbara Thorand, Guðmar Þorleifsson, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir, Nicholas J. Timpson, Anke Tönjes, David‐Alexandre Trégouët, Elena Tremoli, Mieke D. Trip, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Manuela Uda, André G. Uitterlinden, Gianluca Usala, Matti Uusitupa, Timo T. Valle, Liesbeth Vandenput, Vincent Vatin, Sailaja Vedantam, Femmie de Vegt, Sita H. Vermeulen, Jorma Viikari, Jarmo Virtamo, Véronique Vitart, Benjamin F. Voight, Péter Vollenweider, Cláudia B. Volpato, Henry Völzke, Gérard Waeber, Lindsay L. Waite, Henri Wallaschofski, G. Bragi Walters, Nicholas J. Wareham, Richard M. Watanabe, Hugh Watkins, Michael N. Weedon, Ryan Welch, Robert J. Weyant, Eleanor Wheeler, Charles C. White, H-Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widén, Sarah H. Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, Cristen J. Willer, Tom Wilsgaard, James F. Wilson, S. van Wingerden, Bernhard R. Winkelmann, Thomas W. Winkler, Daniel R. Witte, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, Andrew Wong, Andrew R. Wood, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Alan F. Wright, Jian Yang, J. W. G. Yarnell, Lina Zgaga, Wei Zhao, M. Carola Zillikens, Paavo Zitting, Krina T. Zondervan, William G. Iacono, Matt McGue
Bibliographic record
VenueNature Human Behaviour · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversityOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchMontreal Heart Institute
FundersNational Health and Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilNational Institutes of HealthAustralian Research CouncilNational Medical Research CouncilUniversity of Queensland
KeywordsAssortative matingMatingEvolutionary biologyBiologyGenetics
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.013
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.360
Teacher spread0.332 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations368
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractno