Tripanosomiasis bovina en ganadería lechera de trópico alto: primer informe de Haematobia irritans como principal vector de T. vivax y T. evansi en Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine trypanosomiasis is a hemoparasitic disease transmitted in Latin America mainly by biting flies of the family Tabanidae. The study aimed to evaluate infection by <em>Trypanosoma vivax</em> and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> in cattle specialized in milk production on a farm and their potential vectors. A direct parasitological and entomological study was performed using microscopy techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two molecular markers to differentiate <em>Trypanosoma</em> species in blood samples of cattle and flies. Infection frequency with <em>Trypanosoma vivax</em> and <em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> in cattle was 3.6 and 0%, respectively. Characterization of vectors shows <em>Haematobia irritans</em> as the most frequent fly in the study area (97.1%), followed by <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em> (2.8%). No horseflies were identified. <em>T. vivax</em> and <em>T. evansi</em> were found in proboscis and thorax-abdomen of biting flies <em>Haematobia irritans</em> and <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em>, representing an epizootic behavior, atypical in South American countries. Due to its high population density, it is suggested that the <em>Haematobia irritans</em> fly is the main potential vector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".