A Digital Frequency Adaptive Synchronization Unit for On- and Off-Grid Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the analysis and implementation details of a frequency adaptive synchronization unit (FASU) capable of extracting the positive, negative, and zero sequence components of a three-phase signal as well as real-time tracking of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the positive sequence component. The FASU consists of three subsystems: First, a sequence component extractor block based on a fast retrieval technique, second, a zero-crossing peak detection system with dynamic dc compensation and, third, a frequency adaptive multi-input multioutput low-pass finite-impulse response filter. The frequency adaptive filter is able to provide filtering of the positive sequence component over a wide frequency range (40-2000 Hz), in the presence of significant input signal distortion (total harmonic distortion as high as 100%). The system achieves a worst case transient response time of one and a half-cycle of the input period, in the event of input transients such as balanced/unbalanced amplitude sags and swells, balanced/unbalanced phase steps, and positive/negative frequency ramps (up to 700 Hz/s). The proposed system is suitable for use in islanded microgrids, in the aerospace industry, and as a phasor measurement unit. The system is implemented as a proof of concept on a field programmable gate array hardware platform.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".