Photo-degradation and photo-mineralization of reactive brilliant orange KN-5R by nano-photocatalyst–modified 3D fabrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, ZnO, TiO 2 and ZnO/TiO 2 nano-photocatalysts (nphs) were loaded into 3-dimensional fabrics (spacer fabrics) for photo-decolorization and photo-mineralization of Reactive Brilliant Orange KN-5R (RBO KN-5R). Surface morphology and the presence of nphs on the spacer fabrics were studied utilizing SEM and FTIR, respectively. Also, the effect of main operational parameters on the decolorization efficiency was investigated and the process was optimized. Furthermore, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was employed to scrutinize the photo-mineralization of the dye. Complete decolorization, high efficient mineralization and 90% TOC reduction were achieved in the case of ZnO/TiO 2 nphs after 120 min of UV light irradiation. Also, the kinetic analyses indicated that the photocatalytic decolorization rate followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The results revealed that the spacer fabrics loaded with ZnO/TiO 2 nphs can be considered as an effective system for decolorization and TOC reduction of reactive dyes in textile wastewater.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".