Clonality Inference from Single Tumor Samples Using Low-Coverage Sequence Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inference of intra-tumor heterogeneity can provide valuable insight into cancer evolution. Somatic mutations detected by sequencing can help estimate the purity of a tumor sample and reconstruct its subclonal composition. Although several methods have been developed to infer intra-tumor heterogeneity, the majority of these tools rely on variant allele frequencies as estimated via ultra-deep sequencing from multiple samples of the same tumor. In practice, obtaining sequencing data from a large number of samples per patient is only feasible in a few cancer types such as liquid tumors, or in rare cases involving solid tumors selected for research. We introduce CTPsingle, which aims at inferring the subclonal composition by using low-coverage sequencing data from a single tumor sample. We show that CTPsingle is able to infer the purity and the clonality of single-sample tumors with high accuracy, even restricted to a coverage depth of ∼30 × .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".