Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Second World War ended sooner than anticipated. When the Western Allies celebrated VE-day on 8 May 1945 it still looked as though the subjugation of Japan would take at least another year. Since May 1942, Japanese forces had been gradually driven back from the areas they had overrun in the first six months of the war, but it was proving a slow process. The battles for Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima and Okinawa were seen as a gruesome preview of what was to be expected when it came to invading the Japanese homeland. In preparation for such an assault, British and Commonwealth forces in the Pacific area were put under American orders. For many Americans this had all along been the war that really mattered. As the United States would be contributing the lion’s share of the forces, Americans increasingly took matters into their own hands. Henceforward it was the American Joint Chiefs of Staff rather than the Anglo-American Combined Chiefs who determined strategy. There was little the British could do but acquiesce. Their diminishing role was reflected in the handling of the decision to drop atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At Ottawa in August 1943 the two powers had agreed that atomic weapons would not be used without British consent. In the event, Britain was consulted only perfunctorily, more or less as an afterthought. There was no longer any doubt, at least in the minds of Americans, that they were now the senior partners.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".