From General Relativity to A Simple-Harmonically Oscillating Universe, and Vice-Versa: A Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper two different lines of reasoning are followed in order to discuss a Universe that belongs to the so-called oscillatory class. In the first section, we start from the general writing of the first Friedmann – Lemaître equation. Taking into account mass – energy equivalence, the so-called fluid equation is immediately deduced, with the usual hypotheses of homogeneity and isotropy, once identified the evolution of the Universe with an isentropic process. Considering equal to zero the curvature parameter, and carrying out an opportune position concerning the so-called cosmological constant, we obtain an oscillating class, to which a simple-harmonically oscillating Universe evidently belongs. In the second section, we start from a simple-harmonically oscillating Universe, hypothesized globally flat and characterized by at least a further spatial dimension. Once defined the density, taking into account a global symmetry elsewhere postulated, we carry out a simple but noteworthy position concerning the gravitational constant. Then, once established the dependence between pressure and density, we deduce, by means of simple mathematical passages, the equations of Friedmann – Lemaître, without using Einstein’s Relativity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".