Learning multi-step predictive state representations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent years have seen the development of efficient and provably correct spectral algorithms for learning models of partially observable environments arising in many applications. But despite the high hopes raised by this new class of algorithms, their practical impact is still below expectations. One reason for this is the difficulty in adapting spectral methods to exploit structural constraints about different target environments which can be known beforehand. A natural structure intrinsic to many dynamical systems is a multi-resolution behaviour where interesting phenomena occur at different time scales during the evolution of the system. In this paper we introduce the multi-step predictive state representation (M-PSR) and an associated learning algorithm that finds and leverages frequent patterns of observations at multiple scales in dynamical systems with discrete observations. We perform experiments on robot exploration tasks in a wide variety of environments and conclude that the use of M-PSRs improves over the classical PSR for varying amounts of data, environment sizes, and number of observations symbols.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".