Investigation of the influence of red and infrared illumination on mechanical properties of cells: Photobiomodulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has many demonstrated applications in the health area including anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects.The main objective of this work is to verify if the PBMT causes measurable changes in the mechanical properties of cells, specifically in red blood cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts.In addition, to contribute to the knowledge of the action mechanisms of the PBMT, this study intends to support applications of the PBMT during invasive procedures, such as the direct photo-treatment of the blood in surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass, regarding security of the cellular integrity.For this analysis, three experimental techniques were used: optical magnetic twisting cytometry (OMTC), defocusing microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.Human bronchial epithelial cells were evaluated with OMTC.The epithelial cell culture was either photo-treated or not, with red laser (λ=660 nm), and fixed power and time (power density of 153 mW/cm 2 , time 300 s).It was not possible to observe significant differences between photo-treated and control epithelial cells, for the hysteresivity (ratio between the cell loss and elastic shear moduli).The defocusing microscopy, similar to a phase contrast microscopy, was used to study human red blood cells from fresh blood.The red blood cells were either photo-treated or not, with red laser (λ=660 nm), and different powers and times (power densities from 0 to 510 mW/cm 2 , times from 0 to 180 s).Some morphological and mechanical characteristics of individual red blood cells were evaluated, such as volume, radial profile of cell thickness, lateral and vertical membrane fluctuations, for the photo-treated and control red blood cells.It was not possible to detect differences between the two groups, for any of the parameters analyzed.For both techniques, the absence of detectable differences might be due to several factors, such as the nonaction of the PBMT, with the parameters used, in the epithelial cells and red blood cells or to the small sensitivity of each technique.Confocal laser-scanning microscopy was used to evaluate the actin filaments of mouse fibroblasts.The fibroblast cell culture was either photo-treated or not, with red (λ=625 nm) or infrared (λ=808 nm) light and fixed power and time (power density from 113 to 158 mW/cm 2 , time 300 s).The nucleus and cell areas increased slightly when comparing photo-treated and control cells.On the other hand, the total actin, total actin density and the number of filaments decreased.These changes were detected for a short time after treatment, however, Contents Resumo ....
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".