Microplasma drawing of thermocouple sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the first direct-write microfabrication of thin-film thermocouple temperature sensors enabled by controlled manipulation of micro glow plasma. The microplasma is generated at the tip of a micromachined thermocouple alloy electrode at atmospheric pressure, enabling localized sputtering deposition of the alloy on the substrate to create sensing junctions via plasma scanning over the substrate. Micropatterning of T-type (Constantan-Cu) thermocouples is demonstrated by drawing Constantan film directly on Cu-coated substrates using cylindrical target electrodes with diameters down to 50 μm. The thermoelectric behaviors of printed structures are measured to prove their thermocouple function, with a sensitivity of 39 μV/°0 that matches well with the typical T-type's coefficient. This direct-write scheme is promising for rapid, low-cost printing of micro temperature sensors, i.e., thermocouples, thermopiles and resistive temperature detectors, potentially on a variety of objects including three-dimensional components and flexible substrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".