Elevated adiabatic <i>T</i><sub>1ρ</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2ρ</sub> in articular cartilage are associated with cartilage and bone lesions in early osteoarthritis: A preliminary study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate adiabatic T 1ρ and T 2ρ of articular cartilage in symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) patients and asymptomatic volunteers, and to determine their association with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based structural abnormalities in cartilage and bone. Materials and Methods A total of 24 subjects (age range: 50–68 years; 12 female) were enrolled, including 12 early OA patients and 12 volunteers with normal joint function. Patients and volunteers underwent 3T MRI. T 2 , adiabatic T 1ρ , and T 2ρ relaxation times of knee articular cartilage were measured. Proton density (PD)‐ and T 1 ‐weighted MR image series were also obtained and separately evaluated for morphological changes using the MRI OA Knee Scoring (MOAKS) system. Comparisons using the Mann–Whitney nonparametric test were performed after dividing the study participants according to physical symptoms as determined by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score or presence of cartilage lesions, bone marrow lesions, or osteophytes. Results Elevated adiabatic T 1ρ and T 2ρ relaxation times of articular cartilage were associated with cartilage loss ( P = 0.024–0.047), physical symptoms (0.0068–0.035), and osteophytes (0.0039–0.027). Elevated adiabatic T 1ρ was also associated with bone marrow lesions (0.033). Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that elevated adiabatic T 1ρ and T 2ρ of cartilage are associated with morphological abnormalities of cartilage and bone, and thus may be applicable for in vivo OA research and diagnostics. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:678–689
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".