Integrated 0.35 pm CMOS capacitance sensor with atto-farad sensitivity for single cell analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Differential 3-stage and 5-stage, ring oscillator based capacitance sensors were designed and integrated using 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The sensor operates at 0.7 GHz and 1.4 GHz and achieves ~14 aF capacitive sensitivity. The use of CMOS technology makes the integration of the sensing circuit, and the detection microelectrodes on chip possible. A hybrid system was developed where a Plexiglas microfluidic system was mounted on top of the CMOS chip. This created a complete Lab-on-Chip cytometer sensor that was used to detect individual polystyrene spheres (10-15 μm) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The integration of sensing circuitry with the microfluidic parts reduces the sensor size and weight significantly when compared with previous designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".