Extracting keyword and keyphrase from online privacy policies
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the key components of constructing an ontology is a taxonomy. Creating a comprehensive taxonomy involves extracting keywords and keyphrases from the domain corpus. It is a time consuming endeavour that involves domain expertise and syntactic and structural knowledge of the corpus in question. In this paper we explore different keyword and keyphrase extraction algorithms for the domain of online privacy policies. To do this we used a variety of well-known techniques such as TF-IDF, RAKE, TextRank, and AlchemyAPI, benchmarked against manual annotation. We then further evaluated the performances of various algorithms over a large corpus of 631 privacy policies. Due to the inconsistent language of privacy policies algorithms evaluating single documents (RAKE, TextRank, AlchemyAPI) outperformed the one evaluating the entire corpus (TF-IDF).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it