Abstract W P97: Post-ischemic Trans-arterial Regional Hypothermia Therapy Attenuates Microvascular Narrowing due to Astrocyte End-feet Swelling and Inhibits Subsequent Inflammatory Reactions in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Purpose: We previously presented the robust neuroprotective effects of post-ischemic trans-arterial regional hypothermia therapy in I/R injury model rats (ISC 2014, San Diego). This treatment showed a significant suppression of infarct volume and inflammatory reaction at 24hrs after reperfusion. To characterize the neuroprotective effects in terms of microvascular integrity, we investigated microvascular morphological changes and inflammatory reactions by a time course analysis within 24hrs. Methods: At reperfusion onset, 2hr-MCAO rats were divided into cold saline group (10°C, 20ml/kg of trans-arterial infusion from the recanalized artery for 15mins), warm saline group (37°C, in the same manner as cold saline group), and control group (recanalization only). Microvascular morphological changes were examined by vWF Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inflammatory reactions were examined by Western blotting and IHC at the time point of 0hr, 2hrs, 6hrs, and 24hrs of reperfusion. Results: IHC analysis and TEM observation revealed that astrocyte end-feet swelling occurred at 2hrs and progressed to 6hrs, and microvascular narrowing due to the swelling occurred at 6hrs in control group. This microvascular morphological change was attenuated in cold saline group. While endothelial ICAM1 overexpression started at 6hrs in control group, MPO, MMP9, and Iba-1 overexpression occurred only at 24hrs in the same group. These inflammatory reactions were also inhibited in cold saline group. Conclusions: Post-ischemic trans-arterial regional hypothermia therapy attenuated astrocyte end-feet swelling from 2hrs and the swelling induced microvascular narrowing at 6hrs. The treatment also inhibited endothelial ICAM-1 overexpression at 6hrs, and subsequently inhibited inflammatory reactions at 24hrs. The maintenance of microvascular morphological and functional integrity may be the primary cause of the neuroprotective effects by the regional hypothermia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".