A novel quantum dynamical approach in electron microscopy combining wave-packet propagation with Bohmian trajectories
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The numerical analysis of the diffraction features rendered by transmission electron microscopy typically relies either on classical approximations (Monte Carlo simulations) or quantum paraxial tomography (the multislice method and any of its variants). Although numerically advantageous (relatively simple implementations and low computational costs), they involve important approximations and thus their range of applicability is limited. To overcome such limitations, an alternative, more general approach is proposed, based on an optimal combination of wave-packet propagation with the on-the-fly computation of associated Bohmian trajectories. For the sake of clarity, but without a loss of generality, the approach is used to analyze the diffraction of an electron beam by a thin aluminum slab as a function of three different incidence (working) conditions which are of interest in electron microscopy: the probe width, the tilting angle, and the beam energy. Specifically, it is shown that, because there is a dependence on particular thresholds of the beam energy, this approach provides a clear description of the diffraction process at any energy, revealing at the same time any diversion of the beam inside the material towards directions that cannot be accounted for by other conventional methods, which is of much interest when dealing with relatively low energies and/or relatively large tilting angles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".