EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO-PHASE BUBBLY FLOW PRESSURE DROP ACROSS A HORIZONTAL PIPE CONTAINING 90° BENDS
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two-phase gas–liquid pressure drop was experimentally investigated in a 9 m long, 50.8 mm internal diameter, horizontal test section containing 2 closely spaced 90° bends. Bubble and dispersed flow regimes were achieved at superficial liquid and gas velocities that were varied from 3.50 to 5.42 m/s, and 0.10 to 1.25 m/s, respectively. Single-phase and two-phase flow pressure drop tests were performed to evaluate major and minor loss coefficients. The Lockhart–Martinelli parameters were modified through the addition of a minor loss term, and results were compared with Chisholm’s turbulent-turbulent gas–liquid pressure drop model. Three different pipe configurations were evaluated. They consisted of a single straight pipe, a straight pipe with a single 90° bend, and straight pipe with two 90° bends. Both Blasius’ and Prandtl’s smooth pipe models were evaluated to predict the two-phase frictional losses, while single- and two-phase minor loss coefficients were tested with varying degrees of effectiveness. Ov...
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it