222 The Neurobiology and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in HSDD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Describe how bremelanotide (BMT), an analogue of the naturally occurring peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), acts on the physiological and neurobiological components of sexual function to improve sexual arousal and desire in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Review of preclinical and clinical studies of BMT. The interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulatory processes are central to sexual response. Key components of these processes include: dopamine, melanocortins, norepinephrine, and oxytocin (key excitatory components); and serotonin, opioids, and endocannabinoids (key inhibitory components). These neurochemicals all act on similar regions of the brain, including the medial preoptic area (mPOA) in the hypothalamus, attention- and reward-related regions of the limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex. HSDD, which may result from hyper-functional inhibition, hypo-functional excitation, or a combination, is reported by approximately 10% of adult women. Melanocortins are a diverse set of neuropeptides, derived from proopiomelanocortin, that include beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and alpha-MSH. There are 5 subtypes of melanocortin receptors; BMT activates MC3 and MC4, which are the most important for sexual function. Its ability to increase appetitive and/or consummatory sexual behaviors was demonstrated in studies in which BMT, administered SC or infused directly into the lateral ventricles or mPOA of female rats, dramatically and selectively increased measures of solicitation without altering other aspects of copulation. Among premenopausal women, 1.25 mg or 1.75 mg of BMT administered SC significantly increased the number of sexually satisfying events (P<0.05) vs placebo when taken 45 minutes before sexual activity. BMT also significantly increased total scores on the Female Sexual Function Index and decreased distress on the Female Sexual Distress Scale. The most common adverse events were nausea, flushing, and headache.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".