Flexural ductility of reinforced concrete beams with lap-spliced bars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the flexural ductility of lap-spliced reinforced concrete (RC) beams is experimentally investigated. Twenty-four specimens were designed and manufactured for laboratory experiments. Concrete compressive strength, amount of transverse reinforcement over the splice length, and the diameter of longitudinal bars were selected as the main variables. The ductility of tested specimens is evaluated based on a previously defined ductility ratio. Results show that concrete strength and amount of transverse reinforcement over the splice have major effects on ductility. With an appropriate amount of transverse reinforcement, a satisfactory ductility response for different concrete strengths can be obtained. The CSA-A23.3-04 Standard provisions on bond strength and ductility of lap-spliced RC beams are evaluated and discussed. This study shows that the provisions in predicting the bond strength of lap-spliced concrete beams are adequate but may not achieve a satisfactory performance for ductility. An equation is proposed to achieve the appropriate ductility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".