Contested periurban amenity landscapes: changing waterfront ‘countryside ideals’ in central Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Periurban second homes have received limited attention in landscape research, but they can offer important insight for landscape histories of urbanisation. This paper focuses on the hundreds of thousands of waterfront ‘cottages’ or ‘chalets’ found in central Canada’s densely-populated Toronto-Montréal urban corridor. A review of scholarly work examines how wide swaths of forest have become periurban amenity landscapes over the last 150 years. An interwoven theoretical narrative centres on the ‘countryside ideal’—an enduring concept linking Anglo-American attitudes about nature and culture with context-specific assemblages of landscape, urban form, and social practice. Finally, a critical discussion highlights how these periurban amenity landscapes have become increasingly contested, taking stock of new clashes between rapid processes of landscape transformation now underway and the broader Anglo-American images, representations, and material cultures expressing what nature is (or ought to be).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".