Does dual tasking ability change with age across childhood and adolescence? A systematic scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this literature search was to identify nature and extent of the evidence supporting the development of dual tasking skills in typically developing children. We systematically searched PsycINFO, Ovid and Pubmed for studies evaluating dual task performances of children and adolescents <18 years of age. 31 studies published in English from 1990 to 2016 were included. A descriptive analysis was used for data extraction and charting. Study findings reported that age influenced dual task performances under difficult or complex task conditions but they were found to be inconclusive when the tasks were equated at everyone's difficulty level. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to meet the methodological and interpretive challenges to investigate if task coordination in children is affected by the dual tasking skills or just by development of motor and cognitive systems in isolation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.079 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".