Characterization of NDM-7 Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates in the Arabian Peninsula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to characterize the New Delhi metallo-beta lactamase (NDM)-7-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated in the Arabian Peninsula. Methods: Enterobacteriaceae identified to carry bla NDM-7 in a collection of 157 NDM-producing isolates from Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were investigated for their antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility, and resistance gene content. The virulence profile, phylogenetic and sequence types of the isolates were also determined. The plasmids carrying the bla NDM-7 were transferred, and their complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Results: Four NDM-7-producing Escherichia coli isolated in Kuwait, Oman, and the UAE, respectively, were identified. They were clonally unrelated, carried a few virulence determinants only, and belonged to clonal complexes CC10 and CC23, or ST448. They were all multi-drug resistant but remained susceptible to fosfomycin, tigecycline, and colistin. In all isolates, bla NDM-7 was located on IncX3 type plasmids of a variable size, not harboring any further resistance genes. The plasmids exhibited a high degree of similarity to each other and to pKpN01-NDM7 from Canada, with various size deletions and insertions. Conclusions: Our findings show that IncX3 type plasmids play an important role in the spread of the currently rare NDM-7 variant in the Arabian Peninsula. This association of bla NDM-7 with the IncX3-type plasmid is particularly worrisome, as this type of plasmid was proved to spread other carbapenemases in various species of Enterobacteriaceae worldwide at a high efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".