Travel-Related Illnesses in Paediatric Travellers who Visit Friends and Relatives Abroad (TRIP-VFR)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACkgROuND: Travellers who visit friends and relatives (VFRs) are at increased risk of travel-related illnesses (TRIs); however, there are few data regarding travel-related illnesses among paediatric VFRs.OBjECTIVES: To determine the number, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and severity at presentation of and prevalence of risk factors for significant TRIs among paediatric VFR travellers living in Canada.DESIgN/METhODS: The Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) is a national active surveillance program that collects data from approximately 2,500 paediatricians and paediatric sub-specialists in Canada.We undertook a two year surveillance project through the CPSP of all reported cases of significant travel-related illness among paediatric VFRs in Canada from March 2009 to February 2011.Mild respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses were excluded.RESulTS: There were 91 confirmed cases of significant travel-related illnesses among paediatric VFRs in Canada.Among the paediatric TRIs, 61% were acquired in Asia, 22% in Africa, 11% in Central/South America and the Caribbean, 5% in the Middle East and 1% in Europe.The average duration of travel was 7½ weeks.Enteric fever (33 confirmed and three presumed cases) was the most common TRI.Malaria (17 cases) and hepatitis A (11 cases) were the next most common TRIs.Fever was the most common presenting symptom, reported in 81% of children with TRIs.Three patients presented with hypotension (malaria) or septic shock (Salmonella bacteremia).There was one death and four children had significant sequelae following their TRIs.More than 70% of cases (n=65) required hospitalization with an average length of stay of 11.5 days (median six days).Only a quarter of paediatric VFR travelers sought pre-travel advice and only 1/3 of those sought advice from a travel health clinic.CONCluSIONS: Our data indicate that TRIs cause significant morbidity and some mortality among paediatric VFRs in Canada.Furthermore, the majority of the TRIs were potentially preventable if appropriate pretravel advice had been obtained and followed.This study highlights the need for increased education of families and health care providers regarding the importance of pre-travel advice to minimize the risk of acquiring travel-related illnesses among paediatric VFRs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".