HAIRPIN STRUCTURES IN A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER WITH STRONG ADVERSE PRESSURE GRADIENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coherent structures in the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer subjected to a strong adverse pressure gradient have been studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experimental set-up is designed to achieve flow conditions corresponding to trailing-edge stall of an airfoil. Large sets of instantaneous velocity fields are acquired by PIV in streamwise-wall-normal planes at three different streamwise locations. Signatures of hairpin vortices are found in all the fields and hairpin packets occur in the majority of them. The essential features of the hairpins and hairpin packets are similar to those found in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers. The hairpin vortices are however slightly more inclined with respect to the wall in the present flow, and the upward growth of the hairpin packets in the streamwise direction is more important. The characteristics of the spanwise vortices are also documented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".