Ciprofloxacin-induced Hepatotoxicity in a Healthy Young Adult
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is widely used in the treatment of many common infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite the increase in Escherichia coli resistance to ciprofloxacin, especially in the United States (US), clinicians continue to utilize the high bioavailability of this drug in urine to counter UTIs. A rare adverse effect following use of ciprofloxacin is drug-induced hepatitis. In this case report, we describe a young 29-year-old female with a previous medical history significant for pyelonephritis and ovarian cyst who presented to the emergency room with signs and symptoms suggestive of progressive liver injury for two weeks that started two days after a complete course of ciprofloxacin therapy for a UTI. An extensive workup failed to identify a particular cause for the hepatotoxicity. The associated onset of symptoms following ciprofloxacin use, the pattern of hepatic enzyme elevation coupled with abdominal pain suggestive of liver pathology, and the resolution of all symptoms following supportive therapy all pointed towards the possible diagnosis of ciprofloxacin-induced hepatotoxicity. The patient was treated with supportive therapy, and subsequently, her symptoms resolved over the next few days with the improvement of her liver enzyme levels. The patient was discharged with instructions to avoid ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in the future. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion when treating patients with ciprofloxacin who subsequently develop signs and/or symptoms of liver injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".