The prevalence and biomarkers’ characteristic of rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The prevalence and detailed biomarkers’ characteristic of rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (rpAD) remain incompletely understood. Methods A total of 312 mild AD patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database were chosen and dichotomized into rpAD and non‐rpAD groups. We performed the prevalence and comprehensive biomarker evaluation. Results The prevalence of rpAD was 17.6% in mild AD. Compared with non‐rpAD, there were no differences in APOE ε4/ε4, APOE ε3/ε4, and APOE ε2/ε4 genotype distribution, cerebrospinal fluid tau, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), amyloid‐β, hippocampus volume, and amyloid deposition in rpAD. Yet, a lower p‐tau/tau ratio was observed in rpAD ( P = .04). rpAD showed region‐specific hypometabolism ([18F]fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography [FDG‐PET]) ( P = .001). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis of FDG‐PET demonstrated that left angular and left temporal cortices were the regions with higher area under the curve and predictive value for identifying clinical at‐risk rpAD. Discussion We identified that rpAD commonly existed in mild AD. Cerebral hypometabolism could provide potential clinical differential value for rpAD in the short‐term follow‐up period.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it